JCPSLP Vol 21 No 1 2019

Top 10 resources 1 Tracks to Two-Way Learning Toolkit (free download). This is a comprehensive resource discussing the cultural and communication differences and barriers in Aboriginal culture, including video transcripts. Western Australia Department of Education and Department of Training and Workforce Development (2012). Available at: http://det.wa.edu.au/ curriculumsupport/eald/detcms/navigation/english- as-an-additional-language-or-dialect-for-aboriginal- students/teaching-and-learning-resources-for-eal-d- aboriginal-students/tracks-to-two-way-learning/ 2 Queensland Department of Education Aboriginal English posters . Each poster displays the different Aboriginal English dialects in various Queensland communities via cartoon figures talking to each other using speech bubbles. 3 The Plain English Legal Dictionary: Northern Territory Criminal Law (free download). Developed by Aboriginal Resource and Development Services (ARDS), North Australian Justice Agency (NAAJA), and Aboriginal Interpreter Service (AIS), Northern Territory Government, 2015. This resource includes easier ways to explain legal terminology from A–Z to people who do not speak SAE as their primary language. It also includes explanations of language concepts that are not usually present in Aboriginal conceptualisation. 4 Aboriginal Ways of Using English , by Diana Eades Reference: Eades, D. (2013). Aboriginal ways of using English . Canberra, ACT: Aboriginal Studies Press. 5 Aboriginal English in the Courts: A Handbook , 2000 Reference: Aboriginal English in the courts: A Handbook (2000). Department of Justice and Attorney- General, Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy and Development, Brisbane, QLD: Queensland Government. The handbook was intended for judges, magistrates and legal professionals and addresses pragmatics, linguistic features, and non- verbal features of Aboriginal English. 6 Pearce, W. M., & Williams, C. (2013). The cultural appropriateness and diagnostic usefulness of standardized language assessments for Indigenous Australian children . International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology , 15 (4), 429–440. 7 Culturally Relevant Practice with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children: Everyone’s Business . This is an easy-to-understand and practical guide for SLPs to assess and provide intervention to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in a culturally-responsive way. Reference: Culturally relevant practice with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: Everyone’s business . (2013). Queensland: Queensland Health Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Ear Health Group (SPEHG). 8 Growing up our way: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Rearing Practices Matrix . Developed by SNAICC in 2011 (free download). This book contains the stories and experiences of various Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and provides foundation knowledge for SLPs to understand typical childhood experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

Table 1. Vowels of SAE and their equivalent in basilectal Australian Aboriginal English

Key word

SAE

AAE (5 vowels)

AAE (3 vowels)

i:

ɪ

Fleece

ɪ

Kit

ɪ

ɪə

Near

æɪ

Face

e

Dress

e: æ ɜ:

Square

Ɛ

Trap

Nurse

ɐ

ɐ

Strut

ɐ

ɐ:

Palm

ɑe æɔ

Price

Mouth

ɔ

Lot

o:

ɔ

Thought

ʊ

əʉ

Goat

ʊ

Foot

ʊ

ʉ:

Goose

relationships, engaging in play-based tasks, following Aboriginal ways of communicating, providing comparative information, use multiple methods of assessment, using indirect questioning over time, involving the people in the client’s support system, considering assessing the child in a group, and seeking the support of an Indigenous person from that community to help interpret the information’s intent and meaning. Cultural differences also have implications for mental health service provision. This includes some “culture-bound disorders” that require resolution at the cultural level and that use existing frameworks of healing within Aboriginal communities (Westerman, 2010). Best practice through partnerships It is the role of the SLP to continue raising awareness to others in the differences between AAE and SAE. It is also essential for SLPs to work with Australian Aboriginal families, Elders, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander colleagues, transition officers, health workers, and other Australian Aboriginal professionals and stakeholders to ensure best practice in SLP service delivery. Understanding of cultural and linguistic diversity can have positive impact on developing effective therapeutic relationships with Australian Aboriginal people. oɪ Source: Butcher, A., & Anderson, V. (2008). The vowels of Australian Aboriginal English. Proceedings of the 9th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association, 22–26 September 2008 (pp. 347–350). Brisbane, Australia. Choice

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JCPSLP Volume 21, Number 1 2019

Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology