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curriculum for health professionals in NZ. Currently, tãngata whaiora are confined to a clinical space, rather than across an academic program. Educators did express openness to inclusive and integrated co-creation of curriculum with tãngata whaiora in the future. We assert that in order to reach this aspiration a model or framework must be developed based on partnership. Such a model would realign power dynamics to be equitable, acknowledging each party within the relationship as having equal mana, power, expertise and respect. Footnote 1. We will use the term patient and tãngata whaiora interchangeably. References Bate, P., & Robert, G. (2007). Bringing user experience to healthcare improvement: The concepts, methods and practices of experience-based design . Radcliffe Publishing. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2014). What can “thematic analysis” offer health and wellbeing researchers? International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being , 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.26152 Dijk, S. W., Duijzer, E. J., & Wienold, M. (2020). Role of active patient involvement in undergraduate medical education: A systematic review. BMJ Open , 10 (7), e037217. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037217 Friary, P., Tolich, J., Morgan, J., Stewart, J., Gaeta, H., Flood, B., & McNaughton, S. (2018). Navigating interprofessional spaces: Experiences of clients living with parkinson’s disease, students and clinical educators. Journal of Interprofessional Care , 32 (3), 304–312. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2017.1417238 Goodyear–Smith, F., Jackson, C., & Greenhalgh, T. (2015). Co-design and implementation research: challenges and solutions for ethics committees. BMC Medical Ethics , 16 , 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-015-0072-2 Gordon, M., Gupta, S., Thornton, D., Reid, M., Mallen, E., & Melling, A. (2020). Patient/service user involvement in medical education: A best evidence medical education (BEME) systematic review: BEME guide no. 58. Medical Teacher , 42 (1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/014215 9X.2019.1652731 Gutteridge, R., & Dobbins, K. (2010). Service user and carer involvement in learning and teaching: A faculty of health staff perspective. Nurse Education Today , 30 (6), 509-514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2009.10.019 Ministry of Health. (2000). Involving families: Guidance notes . https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/ publications/involving-families-guidance-notes.pdf Regan de Bere, S., & Nunn, S. (2016). Towards a pedagogy for patient and public involvement in medical

education. Medical Education , 50 (1), 79–92. https://doi. org/10.1111/medu.12880 Rowland, P., Anderson, M., Kumagai, A. K., McMillan, S., Sandhu, V. K., & Langlois, S. (2019). Patient involvement in health professionals’ education: A meta-narrative review. Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice , 24 (3), 595–617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459- 018-9857-7 Scott, S. D., Albrecht, L., O’Leary, K., Ball, G. D. C., Hartling, L., Hofmeyer, A., Jones, C. A., Klassen, T. P., Burns, K. K., & Newton, A. S. (2012). Systematic review of knowledge translation strategies in the allied health professions. Implementation Science , 7 (1), 70. https://doi. org/10.1186/1748-5908-7-70 Sharma, M. (2018). “Can the patient speak?”: Postcolonialism and patient involvement in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Medical Education , 52 (5), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13501 Speech Pathology Australia. (2020). Professional Standards. https://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org. au/SPAweb/Resources_for_Speech_Pathologists/CBOS/ Professional_Standards.aspx Spencer, J., McKimm, J., & Symons, J. (2019). Patient involvement in medical education. In T. Swanwick, K. Forrest, & B. C. O’Brien (Eds.), Understanding medical education: evidence, theory, and practice , Third edition. (pp. 207–221). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Towle, A., Bainbridge, L., Godolphin, W., Katz, A., Kline, C., Lown, B., Madularu, I., Solomon, P., & Thistlethwaite, J. (2010). Active patient involvement in the education of health professionals. Medical Education , 44 (1), 64–74. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03530.x Towle, A., & Godolphin, W. (2011). A meeting of experts: The emerging roles of non-professionals in the education of health professionals. Teaching in Higher Education , 16 (5), 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2011.570442 Anton Spelman is the chair of People with Parkinsons Inc and is actively involved in clinical education. Nadia Mantell and Shinhee Song are speech-language pathologists with the Ministry of Education. Philippa Friary is the director of clinical education (speech-language therapy) at the University of Auckland and Bianca Jackson is a clinical educator in Speech Science at the University of Auckland.

Correspondence to: Bianca Jacksonn The University of Auckland phone: +64 93737599 email: Bianca.jackson@auckland.ac.nz

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