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8 Consider the language you use Burrows Walters and Duthie (2017) found that using the term “patient safety” was less meaningful than simply saying “your safety”, and helped patients to process the reason for advice. The importance of language or terminology in clinical practice was raised by Forbat, Teuten, and Barclay (2015) who found conflict between health care professionals and patients could be triggered by poor communication including insensitive use of language. Koch-Weser, Dejong, and Rudd (2009) highlighted the effect of misinterpretation of medical terminology, with a distressing example from clinical practice being that when a patient was told the “disease was progressing”, the patient, having heard the term “progressing”, wrongly assumed that this was a positive outcome. 9 First-hand feedback However easy it may be to assume parents can speak on behalf of their children, Dunn, Shields, Taylor, and Dodd (2009) and Parsons and Reid (1990) found discrepancies between the views of parents and carers, and children and young people. The INVOLVE website listed above has resources that are helpful when focusing on learning about the views of children and young people (https://www.invo. org.uk/current-work/involving-children-and-young-people/). In the ideal world involving patients in all decision-making would help practitioners’ learning and understanding. However, in reality a virtual panel of parents/patients who are willing to provide feedback on draft documents, policies, etc., may be a more realistic aspiration. 10 Co-presenting Some of the most powerful and memorable talks I have heard have been co-presented by a carer/patient and a clinician. Hearing clients speak about their life experiences in relation to health care and therapy can be both moving and inspirational. References Burrows Walters, C., & Duthie, E. A. (2017). Patients’ perspectives of engagement as a safety strategy. Oncology Nursing Forum , 44 (6), 712-718. doi 10.1188/17.ONF.712- 718 Chapman, S. C. E., Horne, R., Chater, A., Hukins, D., & Smithson, W. H. (2014). Patients’ perspectives on antiepileptic medication: Relationships between beliefs about medicines and adherence among patients with epilepsy in UK primary care. Epilepsy and Behavior , 31 , 312–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.10.016

Deakin, H., & Wakefield, K. (2014). Skype interviewing: Reflections of two PhD researchers. Qualitative Research , 14 (5), 603–616. https://doi. org/10.1177/1468794113488126 Department of Health. (2001). The expert patient: a new approach to chronic disease management for the twenty- first century. London: Author. www.ohn.gov.uk/ohn/people/ expert. Dunn, N., Shields, N., Taylor, N. F., & Dodd, K. J. (2009). Patient involvement in patient safety: What factors influence patient participation and engagement? Disability and Rehabilitation , 31 (5), 387–393. Forbat, L., Teuten, B., & Barclay, S. (2015). Conflict escalation in paediatric services: Findings from a qualitative study. Archives of Disease in Childhood , 100 (8), 769–773. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307780 Horne, R. (2006). Compliance, adherence, and concordance: Implication for asthma treatment. Chest Journal, Official Publication of American College of Chest Physicians , 130 , 65–72. Koch-Weser, S., Dejong, W., & Rudd, R. E. (2009). Participation in Health Care and Health Policy , 12 (4), 371–382. doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00555.x McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1993). The evolution of agenda-setting research: Twenty-five years in the marketplace of ideas. Journal of Communication , 43 (2), 58–67. Parsons, M. B., & Reid, D. H. (1990). Assessing food preferences among persons with profound mental retardation: Providing opportunities to make choices. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 23 (2), 183–195. Medical word use in clinical encounters. Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Winkler, M., Bedford, V., Northcott, S., & Hilari, K. (2014). Aphasia blog talk: How does stroke and aphasia affect the carer and their relationship with the person with aphasia? Aphasiology , 28 (11), 1301–1319. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 2687038.2014.928665 Yen, L., Flood, E., Beusterien, K., Tucker, J., Stout, B., Ahmadi, A., … Erder, M. (2013). Development of patient- reported outcomes (Pro) and observer-reported outcomes (Obsro) measures for pediatric ulcerative colitis: Concept elicitation findings. Value in Health , 16 (3), A216. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.03.1095 Rosenstock, I. M. (1974). The Health Belief Model and preventive health behavior. Health Education & Behavior , 2 (4), 354–386. https://doi. org/10.1177/109019817400200405

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JCPSLP Volume 22, Number 2 2020

Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology