JCPSLP Vol 20 No 2 July 2018

entrepreneurial success: hardiness, resourcefulness and optimism; of which “resourcefulness” is key. Despite the fact that the study does not specifically examine the perspectives and characteristics of health professionals, Mark and Libby feel that the traits identified are generic and are relevant and applicable in a speech pathology private practice context. They agree that access to colleagues, membership of a professional association and connecting regularly with a mentor will help develop resourcefulness and subsequently resilience. Implications for practice The number of speech pathologists working in private practice in Australia is growing. In 2014, 52.5% of Speech Pathology Australia members worked in the private sector and another 14.5% worked in a combination of private and public sectors (Health Workforce Australia, 2014, p. 14). This number is only set to increase as a result of the privatisation of disability services following introduction of the NDIS. In addition, greater numbers of new and early career graduates are either working for an employer in the private sector or starting their own businesses soon after graduating. While training for speech pathologists covers clinical knowledge and practice, business skills are not typically core components of entry level speech pathology courses. Speech pathologists therefore rely on mentors, previous work experience, and continuing professional development and resources provided by Speech Pathology Australia to ensure they are adhering to both ethical and legal requirements in operating sustainable private practices. With encouragement and support, private practitioners can participate in research and/or conduct clinical research. In doing so they will contribute to the speech pathology specific evidence base promoting successful business models and personal and professional attributes conducive to operating a sustainable private practice. Despite the absence of current research specific to speech pathology private enterprise, Libby and Mark note the comprehensive resources provided by Speech Pathology Australia and how these assist with planning and implementation of a private practice. Other resources such as the Speech Pathology Australia mentoring program may support not only professional development but also personal attributes shown to be essential to working successfully in private practice, such as resilience. Following review of the literature and resources with Libby, Mark has a clearer plan of the path he needs to undertake prior to starting his own business and working as a private clinician. References Ayala, J., & Manzano, G. (2014). The resilience of the entrepreneur. Influence on the success of the business. A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology , 42 , 126–135.

Belinda Hill is senior speech pathologist and director of Belinda Hill and Associates Speech Language Pathologists based in Kingswood, NSW. Belinda is also currently Vice President (Operations) for Speech Pathology Australia. Correspondence to: Belinda Hill Belinda Hill and Associates Speech Language Pathologists 38 Derby St, Kingswood, 2747 phone: (02) 4736 8151 email: info@therabee.com Delbridge, A., Bernard., J., Blair, D., Butler.S., Peters, P., & Tardiff, R. (Eds.)(1995). Macquarie dictionary . NSW, Australia: Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. EBP Checklist. (n.d.). Critical appraisal checklist for an article on qualitative research. Retrieved 13 March 2018 from http://www.gla.ac.uk/researchinstitutes/ healthwellbeing/research/generalpractice/ebp/ checklists/#d.en.19536 Flatley, D., Kenny, B., & Lincoln, M. (2014). Ethical dilemmas experienced by speech-language pathologists working in private practice. International Journal of Speech- Language Pathology , 16 (3), 290–303 Health Workforce Australia. (2014). Australia’s Health Workforce Series – Speech pathologists in focus . Canberra, ACT: Department of Health. NHMRC. (n.d.). NHRMC additional levels of evidence and grades for recommendations for developers and guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/ file/guidelines/developers/nhmrc_levels_grades_ evidence_120423.pdf Speech Pathology Australia (SPA). (2010). Code of ethics . Melbourne: The Speech Pathology Association of Australia, Ltd. Speech Pathology Australia (SPA). (2016). Parameters of practice: Guidelines for delegation, collaboration and teamwork in speech pathology practice . Clinical Guideline. Melbourne: The Speech Pathology Association of Australia, Ltd. Speech Pathology Australia (SPA). (2017a). Guide to setting up private practice . Melbourne: The Speech Pathology Association of Australia, Ltd. Speech Pathology Australia (SPA). (2017b). Private speech pathology practice: Policy and procedure manual . Melbourne: The Speech Pathology Association of Australia, Ltd. Speech Pathology Australia (SPA). (2015). Scope of practice in speech pathology . Melbourne: The Speech Pathology Association of Australia, Ltd. Murmann, J., & Sardana, D. (2012). Successful entrepreneurs minimize risk. Australian Journal of Management , 38 (1),191–215.

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JCPSLP Volume 20, Number 2 2018

Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology