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involvement may shape early consideration of the ethics process, the way the research quality is assured and how findings might be disseminated. Consideration of the participant opens up debate about the theoretical and epistemological assumptions that underlie the methodologies favoured in our discipline. I have focused on people with aphasia as participants, but, of course, participants may be colleagues, students, clinicians, managers and so on. It is useful to consider what participation entails and the nature of the relationship between researcher and participant. Different research questions call for different research approaches, but the field of speech pathology is now moving to incorporate research designs which involve participatory research. The move from “subject” to “participant” serves to widen our research potential and offers rich opportunities for growth and new ways to respond to the needs of our clients. Acknowledgments I would like to thank the reviewers of this paper who generously shared useful suggestions and additions to strengthen the arguments made. References Birch, M. & Miller, T., (2012). Encouraging participation: ethics and responsibilities. In T. Miller, M.Birch, M. Mauthner, & J. Jessop (Eds.), Ethics in qualitative research (2nd ed., pp. 94–107). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing. Brady, M., Fredrick, A., & Williams, B. (2013). People with aphasia: Capacity to consent, research participation and intervention inequalities. International Journal of Stroke , 8 , 193–196. Braunack-Mayer, A., & Hersh, D. (2001). An ethical voice in the silence of aphasia: Judging understanding and consent in people with aphasia. Journal of Clinical Ethics , 12 (4), 388–396. Carlson, J. A (2010). Avoiding traps in member checking. Qualitative Report , 15 (5), 1102–1113. Connect: the communication disability network (2007). Including people with communication disability in stroke research and consultation: A guide for researchers and service providers . London: Connect Press. Dalemans, R., Wade, D. T, van den Heuvel, W., & de Witte, L. P (2009). Facilitating the participation of people with aphasia in research: A description of strategies. Clinical Rehabilitation , 23 , 948–959. Davidson, B., Howe, T., Worrall, L., Hickson, L., & Togher, L. (2008). Social participation for older people with aphasia: The impact of communication disability on friendships. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation , 15 (4), 325–340. Denzin, N. K., Lincoln, Y. S, & Smith, L. T (2008). Handbook of critical and indigenous methodologies . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Duchan, J. F. (2014). Case studies and their frameworks. In M. Ball, N. Müller, & R. Nelson (Eds.), The handbook of qualitative research in communication disorders: In honor of Jack S. Damico (pp. 3–16). New York: Psychology Press. Hinckley, J., Boyle, E., Lombard, D., & Bartels-Tobin, L. (2014). Towards a consumer-informed research agenda for aphasia: Preliminary work. Disability and Rehabilitation , 36 (12), 1042–1050. Israel, M. (2014). Research ethics and integrity for social scientists: Beyond regulatory compliance . London: Sage. Jayes, M., & Palmer, R. (2014). Initial evaluation of the consent support tool: A structured procedure to facilitate the inclusion and engagement of people with aphasia in the

informed consent process. International Journal of Speech- Language Pathology , 16 (2), 159–168. Kagan, A. (1998). Supported conversation for adults with aphasia: methods and resources for training conversation partners. Aphasiology , 12 , 816-830. Kagan, A., & Kimelman, M. (1995). Informed consent in aphasia research: Myth or reality? Clinical Aphasiology , 23 , 65–75. Kagan , A., Simmons-Mackie, N., Brenneman Gibson, J., Conklin, J., & Elman, R. J. (2010). Closing the evidence, research, and practice loop: Examples of knowledge transfer and exchange from the field of aphasia. Aphasiology , 24 (4), 535–548. Liamputtong, P. (2009). Qualitative research methods (3rd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E .G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry . Beverley Hills, CA: Sage. Luck, A. & Rose, M. (2007). Interviewing people with aphasia: Insights into method adjustments from a pilot study. Aphasiology , 21 , 208–224. McLellan, K. M., McCann, C. M., Worrall, L. E., & Harwood, M. L. (2014). “For Mãori, language is precious. And without it we are a bit lost”: Mãori experiences of aphasia. Aphasiology , 28 (4), 453–470. The National Health and Medical Research Council, the Australian Research Council and the Australian Vice- Chancellors’ Committee. (2007) (updated March 2014). National statement on ethical conduct in human research . Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Penn, C., Frankel, T., Watermeyer, J., & Müller, M. (2009). Informed consent and aphasia: Evidence of pitfalls in the process. Aphasiology , 23 , 3–32. Pound, C. (2013). An exploration of the friendship experiences of working-aged adults with aphasia . Unpublished doctoral thesis, Brunel University. Retrieved from: http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7696 Simmons-Mackie, N. N., Kagan, A., Christie, C., Huijbregts, M., McEwen, S., & Willems, J. (2007). Communicative access and decision making for people with aphasia: Implementing sustainable healthcare systems change. Aphasiology , 21 , 39- 66 Speech Pathology Australia. (2000). Code of ethics . Melbourne: Author. Speech Pathology Australia. (2010). Code of ethics . Melbourne: Author. Stein, J. & Brady Wagner, L. (2006). Is informed consent a “yes or no” response? Enhancing the shared decision- making process for persons with aphasia. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation , 13 , 42–46. Townend, E., Brady, M., & McLaughlan, K. (2007). Exclusion and inclusion criteria for people with aphasia in studies of depression after stroke: A systematic review and future recommendations. Neuroepidemiology , 29 , 1–17. Deborah Hersh , PhD, FSPAA, CPSP is associate professor in Speech Pathology at Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia and adjunct senior lecturer in Public Health at Flinders University, South Australia.

Correspondence to: Deborah Hersh Speech Pathology School of Psychology and Social Science, Edith Cowan University 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia phone (61 8) 6304 2563 email: d.hersh@ecu.edu.au

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JCPSLP Volume 16, Number 3 2014

Journal of Clinical Practice in Speech-Language Pathology